(The phrase jumping over the hurdle modifies runner.) Example: The runner jumping over the hurdle caught her foot and fell. Examples: jumping contest, stunned student, forgotten memory ( Jumping modifies contest, stunned modifies student, and forgotten modifies memory.) A participial phrase is a group of words beginning with a participle. #2 Participial Phrase FragmentĪ participle is a word that looks like a verb but acts like an adjective, and it usually ends in –ing, - ed, or – en. In fact, I can even shoot a bow and arrow. Swimming, playing football, and cycling are easy. How a gerund phrase fragment hides: Because I’m so athletic, I can do any sport. When a gerund phrase is written alone, it is a gerund phrase fragment. ( Running in a marathon is the subject of the sentence, and Running is the simple subject.) Example: Running in a marathon can cause permanent knee injury. ( Running is the subject of the sentence.) A gerund phrase is a group of words beginning with a gerund. #1 Gerund Phrase FragmentĪ gerund is a word that looks like a verb but acts like a noun, and it ends in –ing. A verbal can be a gerund, participle, or infinitive, and each of those can have its own type of fragment. Some terminology first: A verbal phrase is a group of words beginning with a word that looks like a verb but functions as something else. I go DEEP into sentence structure, so that’s where I’m taking this post. You can break the rule once you can follow it.īecause our students’ speech will be judged first on their agreement (specifically, subject-verb) and their writing on their sentence structure, I like to spend significant time there. I joke with students that they are allowed to use fragments stylistically (outside of formal analysis and exposition) when and only when they can prove to me their control of syntax. As a stylistic device, I use the former a lot. I’m fully aware (and teach) that language is a fluid, constantly evolving thing and that the rules themselves have their own cozy little home in classism, racism, and misogyny but sometimes, a sentence fragment is a sentence fragment, and I like teaching students what that means.īefore I tell you about the technical way I group fragments, let’s start with the two main categories: ones we mean to create and ones we don’t. In all, 36 tweets (25 percent) incorporate minor sentences of one kind or another.Because grammar has boundaries and rules, teaching it is actually a reprieve from the subjectivity of analysis.haha yea that's the best language to speak lol.These appear in 25 tweets (17 percent) and are a major feature of the style of some tweeters, who can introduce three or four in a single message: Presumably elements such as lol, omg, btw, smh, and emoticons should be classed as minor sentences, even though some etymologically represent something more complex ( laughing out loud, scratching my head). "A decision also has to be made about how to handle minor sentences ( yeah, wow, hey, haha, etc.), which are a noticeable feature of Twitter data. as can be seen from the following two examples of minor clauses from the dialogue, to which we add an example of a moodless -ing clause: " inor clauses which function independently may have illocutionary force. Minor Sentences and Illocutionary Force.They call them ' minor sentences.' 'To return to the matter in hand' and 'What an absolutely perfect day!' are, like 'Yes!' and 'Really?' minor sentences. Grammarians do, however, put sentences without finite verbs in a special category of their own. "Not all sentences contain verbs completeness is not dependent on the presence of a finite verb. How about these over here? Well, how much for them? Forty cents per. "ften purchases may be made entirely with the use of minor sentence types: How much for these? Fifty cents a dozen. ' Fire! Fire!' We crowded after him pushing our way past the buffaloes."
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